1807: Thomas Jefferson was subpoenaed to testify in the treason trial of his former vice president, Aaron Burr. Jefferson refused to appear in court, but later produced some documents; his refusal was not challenged.

1974: Richard Nixon was served with a Congressional subpoena during the Watergate scandal for his secretly-recorded tapes of conversations with administration officials, staff and family members. Nixon refused to release the tapes, claiming executive privilege. The Supreme Court unanimously rejected that claim. Rather than face impeachment, Nixon resigned in a speech on Aug. 8, 1974.

1998: Bill Clinton was served with a subpoena to testify before a grand jury in an investigation into his affair with White House intern Monica Lewinsky. The subpoena was withdrawn when Clinton agreed to testify voluntarily.

President Trump’s lawyers had argued that as president, he was immune from criminal proceedings and investigations. “The presidency is being harassed and undermined,” Jay Sekulow, his personal lawyer, argued.

In a statement, the Manhattan District Attorney, Cyrus Vance Jr., a Democrat, said: “This is a tremendous victory for our nation’s system of justice and its founding principle that no one — not even a president — is above the law."

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